Synthesis and characterization of transition metal cluster containing diphosphine ligands

Various metal complexes containing transitional metal elements have been prepared. Using shlenk line technique . Spectroscopic analysis by IR and NMR shows that two types of diphosphine co-ordinated metal clusters have been obtained,one having chelating mode of binding [Fe3SeTeCO)7{(PPh2)(C5H4)Fe(C5H4)(PPh2)}] ,and the another is having mono dentate co-ordination [Fe3Te2(CO)8{(PPh2) (C5H4)Fe(C5H4)(PPh2)}]

On Higher-Order Fourier Analysis over Non-Prime Fields

The celebrated Weil bound for character sums says that for any low-degree polynomial P and any additive character chi, either chi(P) is a constant function or it is distributed close to uniform. The goal of higher-order Fourier analysis is to understand the connection between the algebraic and analytic properties of polynomials (and functions, generally) at a more detailed level. For instance, what is the tradeoff between the equidistribution of chi(P) and its "structure"? Previously, most of the work in this area was over fields of prime order. We extend the tools of higher-order Fourier analysis to analyze functions over general finite fields. Let K be a field extension of a prime finite field F_p. Our technical results are: 1. If P: K^n -> K is a polynomial of degree |K|^{-s} for some s > 0 and non-trivial additive character chi, then P is a function of O_{d, s}(1) many non-classical polynomials of weight degree < d. The definition of non-classical polynomials over non-prime fields is one of the contributions of this work. 2. Suppose K and F are of bounded order, and let H be an affine subspace of K^n. Then, if P: K^n -> K is a polynomial of degree d that is sufficiently regular, then (P(x): x in H) is distributed almost as uniformly as possible subject to constraints imposed by the degree of P. Such a theorem was previously known for H an affine subspace over a prime field. The tools of higher-order Fourier analysis have found use in different areas of computer science, including list decoding, algorithmic decomposition and testing. Using our new results, we revisit some of these areas. (i) For any fixed finite field K, we show that the list decoding radius of the generalized Reed Muller code over K equals the minimum distance of the code. (ii) For any fixed finite field K, we give a polynomial time algorithm to decide whether a given polynomial P: K^n -> K can be decomposed as a particular composition of lesser degree polynomials. (iii) For any fixed finite field K, we prove that all locally characterized affine-invariant properties of functions f: K^n -> K are testable with one-sided error

AQUEOUS BARK EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA PROTECTS AGAINST PHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN GOAT RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE BOUND AND METABOLIC ENZYMES

Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced oxidative stress mediated alteration in the metabolic status and morphology of the red blood cells (RBC) and amelioration of the same by aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA).Methods: Fresh goat blood collected from local Kolkata Corporation approved slaughter house, was used for the present study. Packed cells were prepared from the freshly collected goat blood and were divided into four groups as follows for further studies i. e Group I: Control (CON), Group II: TA bark extract treated, named T5C (5 mg/ml, incubation mixture; positive control), Group III: PHZ treated (1 mM), Group IV: PHZ treated+TA bark extract at a dose of 5 mg/ml, named as P+T5. ROS, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were determined. Intracellular iron and intracellular nitrate concentration were estimated. Activities of various membrane-bound enzymes like Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and Ach-E were determined. Moreover, the activities of some metabolic enzymes like glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase, aldolase, lactase dehydrogenase were also studied. In addition, the morphological structure of RBCs was also determined.Results: PHZ treatment caused significant alterations in RBC morphology as well as altered the activities of membrane-bound as well as metabolic enzymes. All these changes following oxidative stress were found to be ameliorated when the RBCs were co-treated with PHZ and aqueous bark extract of TA. However, aqueous bark extract of TA alone did not exhibit any such changes in RBC.Conclusion: The aqueous bark extract of TA ameliorates PHZ-induced oxidative damages in goat RBC possibly by an antioxidant mechanism(s). The aqueous bark extract of TA may have future therapeutic relevance in oxidative stress-induced damages in RBCs.Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Aqueous bark extract, Oxidative stress, Phenylhydrazine, Red blood cells, Terminalia arjun

A study on adverse drug reactions to non-ionic contrast medium in an Indian population: a 1-year experience

Background: To the best of our understanding, very few studies focusing on the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of non-ionic contrast medium (NICM) has been carried out until date among the Indian population. Hence, this study was planned. We sincerely believe that the knowledge gathered from this study can improve safer usage of these agents among the patients of Indian origin. The objective was to evaluate the incidence and severity of ADRs of non-ionic radio contrast media (CM) used in tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: For the duration of 1-year from July 2011 to July 2012, we prospectively recorded all the ADRs associated with the administration of NICM (iohexol and ioversol) in 3708 patients of Indian origin undergoing computed tomography scan at the hospital. The average median age, weight, dose used; types of ADRs, concomitant medication, final diagnosis, reasons for use were recorded and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. Causality assessment was performed using Naranjo scale.Results: Eleven of 3708 patients who received either ioversol or iohexol developed ADRs (i.e. 0.3% of patients). The most common ADR was rigor. The incidences of mild, moderate and severe reactions were 55%, 36% and 9%, respectively. Average median age, weight, and dose used were 35 years, 66 kg and 70 ml, respectively. All the ADRs were early (occurred within 1 hr of CM administration). Due to logical constraints, the follow-up of these patients was not possible and hence late ADRs were not captured. The common concomitant medication used was pantoprazole (63.63% of patients). The difference in the incidence of ADRs by age distribution (Group 1 - Iohexol, Group 2 - Ioversol) and weight distribution was not statistically significant (p=0.75 and p=0.18, respectively). Causality analysis revealed that all the ADRs were possible (Score of 4). Interestingly, the incidence of reactions was noted to be higher in patients with a history of gastro intestinal disorders (45.45%).Conclusions: This pilot study reveals that adverse reactions to NICM are rare and severe reactions are less common among the patients of Indian origin. However, a larger multicentric study across the country should be carried out to understand the safety profile of these CM better among the Indian population